Yesterday a member of a Research Scholar WhatsApp group asked the above subject question in the group. What responded and replied by me, is given below;
In this regard, my humble opinion is that;(1) The basic concept of the Friday sermon is education and training in the weekly gathering of Muslims, and this must be primarily in the language of the audience, and this is the reason why Allah, the Exalted, communicated to His Prophets into their native languages as well as Prophets did communicate to people into their native languages too. According to the same principle, the Friday sermon has been given to the Arabs in Arabic. After the expansion of Islam into Non-Arab territories, obviously, it was a serious question to be answered.
(2) I think the Friday sermon in particular or any other public lecture/khutbah in general simply required that it must be in the understandable language of the respective audience. And there is no religious teaching or logic hindrance in it. It is also clear that Allah sent His Prophets to guide the people and revealed His teachings in their own languages, and the Prophets taught their people in their own native languages too. Everything, including the verbal aspects of worship, had been practiced in their own languages.
(3) Moreover, a "Friday Sermon" is not a particular "Zikr", rather, it is a means of education and Tarbiah. So, guidance is required and not merely a pre-memorized statement, that could not be understood by anyone. (Which destroys the purpose and effectiveness of Friday gathering and address).
(4)This is a straight and simple thing. No language is disliked by Allah, rather, He knows every language of His creatures and even everything. Now after the Prophets, it was the task of the scholars of all our eras to give correct and timely guidance to the people which was certainly natural and logical. How does it possible that you are speaking and listening to one thing and you don't know what you are saying and what you are listening to? Otherwise, there is no benefit in saying or listening. And the beloved religion of Islam condemns every such pointless practice. Who has trapped us in unnatural and illogical matters? For how long we will remain in darkness and remain in mere complacency?
(5) Here, I would like to submit to the people of knowledge and thinking further that Allah Ta'ala had ordered the people of faith in the early days of obligatory prayer (when the prohibition of alcohol had not yet come, the prayer had become obligatory) that... لا تقربوالصلٰوۃ و انتم سکٰرٰی حتٰی تعلموا ما تقولون don't even become close to Salat and you are intoxicated until you learn what you say. Actually, it was said to perform Salat with understanding, and when a person is in a state of intoxication, he does not understand what he says and what he hears. This is the general state of lack of understanding. Also, when a person does not know the language whose words he speaks and hears, he is similar to a drunkard who is senseless and absent-minded. Nowadays, an overwhelming majority of Muslims are doing everything in such type of "drunk". This is the reason why there is no impact of our prayers and worship on our lives and, we are in great complacency really. It is the duty of Islamic Scholars to guide the public in line with the real paradigm of the religion Islam and take Ummah out of the state of copy mentality, imitation, blind following, and indulgence in unnecessary sanctimoniousness.
One of the famous Mujtahid Imams is Imam Abu Hanifa, may God have mercy on him, whose opinion is that a (Friday) sermon in Arabic is not a condition, but despite the ability ( to deliver in Arabic), it is permissible to preach in a non-Arabic or any of language. (Raddul Mukhtar, page: 543) And opinions of other honorable jurists may also be consulted who definitely guided the public in their times but people not much noticed.
In fact, every issue like this needs clear guidance like that of open communication instead of vague guidance, which is free from all kinds of prejudices and unnecessary sanctimoniousness.
(6) There are many things in the religion of Islam that we Muslims have continued as they are, which are related to the circumstances, context, time, and nature of matters related to the intellect which is the great blessing of Allah. For which the creator and the master of the universe said, افلا یتدبرون، افلا تعقلون، but we have stopped thinking and understanding and have become a poor man of the line and have put a veil on the intellect and wisdom and have established a very unnecessary sacred relationship with some things for no reason which does not allow us to think, nor allows us to be updated with respect to circumstances, context, time and nature of matters.
Shortly, this is a matter of "Ijtihad", the jurists of the Ummah should guide people through a bold and fair opinion in the broad context of the objectives of the Sharia.